In the Midwest, the months of September, October and November offer the perfect conditions for planting a wide variety of plants. As the temperatures cool above ground (reducing stress through the leaves) the soil remains warm, allowing the roots of plants to keep growing until the ground freezes. This is important because plants will then head into spring with a much more established root system and will have a higher survival rate as you try to get them through the first critical summer.

Pro Tip - Applying 2-3" of wood mulch around your fall plantings will delay ground freeze for 1-2 months, allowing for even more root growth. Roots continue to grow until the ground freezes.

Why Fall Planting Works

Plants in the fall benefit from several factors:

• Cooler Temperatures: Reduced stress on plants (leaves)
• Warm Soil: Encourages robust root growth
• Increased Rainfall: Less need for supplemental watering

Best Trees and Shrubs for Fall Planting

Most varieties will do best when planted in the fall. They can be successfully planted even late in the season, after the leaves have dropped. The cool weather minimizes stress, while the warm soil promotes root establishment, ensuring these plants are well-prepared for winter and ready to flourish the following season.

Perennials and Grasses: Timing is Key

Perennials and ornamental grasses should be planted earlier in the fall, ideally by late September. These plants have smaller root systems that need more time to establish before the first frost. Early planting gives them the best chance to develop strong roots and survive the winter. Mulching is especially critical for these plants.

Watering Tips for Fall Plantings

One of the advantages of fall planting is the typically increased rainfall, which reduces the need for supplemental watering. However, it's important to ensure that new plantings receive the equivalent of 1 inch of rainfall per week. Continue watering into late fall, up until ground freeze, and give your fall-planted items a final, deep watering around Thanksgiving to ensure the roots have enough moisture as the ground begins to freeze.

Mother Nature Knows Best

Plants naturally undergo internal changes in the fall. As the tops of the plants gradually shut down, energy is directed into the roots for winter survival. By planting in the fall, you align with this natural cycle, giving your landscape a head start for the coming spring.

Conclusion

Fall planting in the Midwest is a smart strategy for a healthier, more vibrant garden next year. By choosing the right plants and following these tips, you can ensure a successful fall planting season that will pay off with a beautiful and thriving landscape.